Friday, April 29, 2016

Better wording?



Stop the diagnosis of cancer, HIV and Ebola because high magnifications are impossible.

Magnification occurs when we focus on a smaller area as if it were larger, which happens when we bring an object closer or look through a lens or into a cylinder.  It increases as we move further from the object or use a thicker or additional lenses.  However, there are limits to magnification.

There would be limits to microscope magnification because the point is reached where we focus on the lens itself so that blurring, distortion, reduction and loss of visibility occur.  In a microscope, the diameter of the final lens is too small, the tube is too short and too dimly lit, and the slide too close to the lens to optimise lens magnification.  Instead, we are viewing a projected complex image of an object placed inside the microscope, the lens of our own eye above that, and the stain from the slide.

New petition wording

The limits to magnification are low. Magnification increases as the distance from the object or eye increases, with greater lens thickness  and with multiple lenses, but only until the point is reached where we focus on the lens itself. After that there is blurring and distortion if not reduction.   
The microscope is not constructed to optimise magnification of the slide. The diameter of the final lens is smaller than that of the pupil (the image would not disperse), the lens tube must be dimly lit so as not to blur and is too long (at normal focal length), and our eye and the slide are too close to the ocular and objective lenses.   Instead, we are viewing a projected complex image of the lens of our eye and an object placed in the microscope, and a simple image of the stain on the slide.

Monday, April 25, 2016

Improved wording

I’ve made a petition – will you sign it?
Click this link to sign the petition:
https://petition.parliament.uk/petitions/128766/sponsors/6Udmwo2rpbRYtyz5rJ
My petition:
Microscopes don't work. Stop the diagnosis of disease.
The microscope is not constructed to optimise viewing of the cell: magnification, ie, projection from the lens, would be minimised by the proximity of the lenses to the eye and the slide and by their small diameter, and viewing limited by the darkness of the cylinder and diameter of the final lens.
All magnification leads to a loss of clarity because it stretches and coarsens the image. As lens magnification increases, there will be blurring of edges, distortion, rotation, duplication and patterning before the image disappears. Instead, what we are viewing is a complex image of an object located in the microscope, the undifferentiated image of a semi-opaque slide stain over it, and the lenses of our own eye above that, with limited magnification achieved by the cylinder and projection.

Improved wording?



Microscopes don't work. Stop the diagnosis of disease.

The microscope is not constructed to optimise viewing of the cell: magnification, ie, projection from the lens, would be minimised by the proximity of the lenses to the eye and the slide and their  small diameter, and viewing limited by the darkness of the cylinder and diameter of the final lens.
All  magnification leads to a loss of clarity because it stretches the object.  Relatively low magnification will also result in blurring of edges, and distortions will occur as the angle of magnification increases, with semi circles visible at 180 degrees.  Instead, what one is seeing is a complex image of an object inside the microscope, the lenses of one’s own eye and an undifferentiated image of the semi opaque stain, with low magnification achieved by the cylinder and by projection.

Friday, April 8, 2016

Please sign petition

Here is the link to my petition (the wording is below): 

https://www.change.org/p/world-health-organisation-microscopes-don-t-work-stop-the-diagnosis-of-fake-diseases?recruiter=211507566&utm_source=share_petition&utm_medium=copylink


Some of the medical literature on disease appears inconsistent and vague even to a person without a scientific background, and on reflection much of it does not make common sense. If religions admit the existence of evil, it may be possible that diseases were invented as a programme of eugenics - in other words, to change as well as to reduce populations - even before there was a perception of agricultural scarcity or demand for manufactured goods.

Diagnosed diseases, including cancer, HIV/AIDS and influenza, are fictitious, and the fact that microscopes do not do what they are said to do confirms this.   When I look into my own microscope, I usually see the same image whatever slide is present on the microscope stage.   This is of relatively fixed and shadowy objects on a circular screen at the end of a cylinder, as well as more translucent and moving objects in layers further up the microscope.  Both the shadowy and more translucent images include ribbon-like objects of a similar length and width and with similar knots in them, although there are dark spots present on the image on the screen.  The images I see remain the same whether or not the slide is present, indicating that I am as likely to be seeing something within the microscope as beyond it.  However, even when variations sometimes occur with different slides, or with different microscopes, we are unlikely to be viewing the sample on the slide for the reason that the magnifications claimed would not be able to produce a clear image even if they were achievable and the microscope or slide sufficiently illuminated or placed at the correct distance from the eye.
      
In order to view a cell on a microscope slide you need very high magnifications, for example, 10,000 times to view an HIV cell, so that in theory we would then be looking for abnormalities in a sample on a slide that had been magnified so that its image measured 600 metres by 200 metres.  However, although my own microscope claims a magnification of up to 900, the focal adjustment does not alter magnification and neither do the rotating objective lenses.   Even if the magnifications of 10 and 15 for the focal adjustment and 30 and 60 for the objective lenses are correct, the resulting image would not be magnified by 300 to 900 times because you are not first magnifying an object and then re-magnifying it, wherever the object is placed: you may be increasing magnification by using more than one lens but you are not compounding it.  Also, the microscope lens tube is relatively dimly lit, and has to be for the objects on the screen not to blur, so that it seems unlikely one would be able to look into the eyepiece and tube and then through the very small objective lenses to any object on a slide beyond them, whether or not a light is shone onto the slide, and it is not in a traditional microscope.  Yet even if the microscope were able to magnify to the extent claimed and even if the microscope, or the slide itself, were illuminated sufficiently, the resulting image would blur unless the microscope slide were further away from the microscope and would only then be clear at relatively low magnifications.

All magnification blurs to some extent.  There is a theoretical, in one sense, limit to magnification in that as the distance between the lines of an object increases all that will eventually be seen will be an undifferentiated plane.  Before this, magnification will produce a coarsening of the object, as when one writes or draws with a thicker pen, and this may explain why an enlarged or projected photo or slide can remain relatively clear up to the point where it exceeds the size of the original object.  The reason why magnification occurs when using a lens is that one is viewing an image that has been dispersed by the shape of the lens, in other words, a projected image,  but also because we view the object at a closer distance than we would do with the eye alone, in other words, because closer objects of the same size appear larger than distant ones.  
Looking into a cylinder appears to bring distant objects into focus as though we were viewing them at the appropriate focal range.  It also appears to magnify as well as clarify objects that would otherwise be too close to be seen clearly, as when we are using a magnifying lens.  Both effects are likely to be the result of objects being illuminated, when viewed through a cylinder, that would otherwise be obscured when viewed against brighter surrounding ones (whether or not the eye itself provides limited illumination), so that we are able to focus on them.
 
Clarity is lost when we magnify an object both because the image is dispersed and because we are viewing it at the incorrect focal length.   Although the loss of clarity can be compensated for to a certain extent by a cylinder that blocks out surrounding light, the extent to which an object on a microscope stage can be enlarged will be limited by its proximity to the eye and any lens or lenses, whatever the hypothetical quality of the lenses.  A microscope may, whether the mechanism is lenses or projection, and given its cylindrical shape and the length of the cylinder and positioning of the slide, allow the viewing of objects at a greater size and, depending on the size of the microscope, with greater clarity than if we were to view them with the eye alone.  However, the sort of magnifications claimed by any microscope, let alone those said to be able to view a viral cell, would not be achievable.

Although there is no reference to it on my microscope, zoom usually refers to the distance at which visibility is relatively clear.  And then magnification of the object would be limited, so that we would be viewing a distant object as though it were closer rather than enlarging it beyond its original size, let alone would we be seeing beneath the object to any underlying structure.  A greater magnification could be achieved in theory by projecting the image, but, setting aside the fact that this is not said to be the mechanism of magnification as well as the question of what clarity we might expect if a slide were projected onto a screen of 200 by 600 metres, the fact that the slide is placed outside the microscope rather than inside it and that the screen is behind it rather than in front of it indicates that we could not be viewing a projected image of even a speck on the slide at high magnification.

One has to account for variations when viewing different slides under the microscope.   When the microscope is lit from the mirror (which is the only way I can now light my own microscope, although that is said to be the only way early microscopes were lit), an opaque object will block visibility so that nothing is seen on the circular microscope screen.  When a stain is put on a slide, it will appear as an undifferentiated wash over the microscope screen. A slide that appears to contain colourless and translucent material may sometimes produce a complex image that might lead us to think that we are viewing something at a high magnification.  Instead, we might be viewing a pattern of light and shade at relatively low magnifications:  light will shine through some parts or objects on the slide but not others, and to a differing extent, so that there are shades of dark and light.   However, a more likely explanation for apparently striking, but comparatively rare, variations is that we are looking at a gas streak on the slide or lens or from a spotlight.
However, if the material on the slide is translucent and colourless we will normally see an unvarying image on the screen.  Since we are varying what is on the slide, and since the microscope is dimly lit and the objective lenses at the end of it fairly small and a long way from our own eyes, this seems most likely to be of something contained within the microscope.

The translucent and moving images I usually see higher up the microscope when looking into it are the lenses of my own eye.  That this is certain is indicated by the fact that they are so resembling to what one sees when looking into bright light with the eye alone as well as the fact that they shift as one shifts one's eyes.   However, the image on the screen further down the microscope, although resembling  the lens of one's own eye, is too fixed for it to be that.

In fact, if I turn my microscope upside down, I can see just above two of the objective lenses, possibly three when photographed, what look like the irises of a pigeon's eye, or another small animal with orange irises (facing into the microscope).   Because the image on the screen resembles the lenses of one's own eye that one sees when squinting into any bright light, as well as higher up the microscope when one looks into the eyepiece, it seems plausible that the object one is viewing is in fact the lens of an eye.  It is possible one might be seeing the lenses contained just inside the objective lenses projected back onto the microscope screen, although the fact that only the position of the image relative to fixed sides changes when the lenses are rotated suggests projection forward, rather than backwards from different objects, as does the the opaque look to the screen (eg, we seem to see nothing beyond it).  It seems most likely that there might be a fourth object, the lens of an eye, placed higher up the microscope, projected onto an opaque screen further down the microscope.

Magnification and focus would be achieved by the reduction in focal length when looking into the microscope cylinder, as well as by projection.   There may be a lens or lenses within the microscope, but the microscope appears to be hollow in front of the screen and although I have not yet taken my microscope apart the presence of lenses in front of or behind the screen would not alter the conclusion that we are not viewing an image at high magnification.

Magnification occurs as a result of the reduction in focal length as one looks into the relatively short lens tube of the microscope which may only be the length of the focal adjustment itself, although the effect of the reduction in focal length is to make the cylinder appear longer than it is and the circular screen further away, as the lenses of our own eyes also appear projected further in front of us than we expect them to be. The cylindrical shape enables us to focus on the objects on the screen, which would otherwise be blurred.  The focal adjustment varies focus, for example for different users, by contracting or expanding the cylinder.   The relatively limited nature of the magnification is indicated by the similarity in size and structure between the object on the screen and the image of the lens of one's eye one sees when looking into bright light with the eye alone.

Once one accepts the idea that diseases may be fictitious, one can think of other arguments and make other observations to support this, such as, for instance, the fact that the link between DNA and mutation seems to be asserted rather than explained and to have no foundation in the philosophy of science, since the link between the abstract and the physical is not resolved.   Diagnosed diseases make people fall ill or die not because they are real but because of fear and fatalism as well as other factors such as insufficient or poor nutrition or a restricted diet, extreme variations in temperature, and other policies, such as the denial of food and water in hospitals, and gassing, and perhaps even the premature pronouncement of death.  It may be that all politicians and doctors know that microscopes, the basis of medical diagnosis, are fraudulent, or all pathologists, or only those who make scientific instruments.

Please sign the petition if you agree with it.  However, if you are not convinced but it raises doubts, please show the petition or ask a question about microscope magnification to anybody you know with a medical, scientific, engineering, photographic or optics background.   And please look back at the petition again to see improvements.

Bibliography:
Britannica Concise Encyclopaedia (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc, 2002)
The Hutchinson Encyclopaedia  (Oxford, Helicon Publishing, 1994)
Orrock, Louise, On HIV and Aids, Taxila Institute (institute.iqmind.org/on-hiv-and-aids-by-louise-orrock), June 8, 2015
Orrock, Louise, On Cancer, Taxila Institute (institute.iqmind.org-on-cancer-by-louise-orrock), June 8, 2015
PubMed, US National Library of Medicine and National Institutes of Health, (www.ncbi.nim.nih.gov/pubmed)